How is the pre-reform British House of Lords viewed by historians, strictly in terms of it's performance as a governing body? Was reform purely a rejection of the hereditary peerage, or was it also ineffective?

by TheEmperorsNewHose

I realize that the most impactful reform of the House of Lords took place in 1999, which is outside of the purview of this sub, but the movement had existed for decades prior, so I hope the question will be considered appropriate.

petros08

The biggest reform was in 1911 when the Parliament Act abolished the Lord's power to veto legislation and replaced it with a delay of up to three years. The answer to your question depends on the period and how you judge a legislature. As late as the 1890s it was possible for the Prime Minister to sit in the Lords (Salisbury) so it was a reasonably effective chamber. The problem occurred when the Liberal government of 1905-10 had a large Commons majority but was a minority in the Lords. This culminated in the Lords vetoing the 1909 budget on the grounds that it was a huge social reform programme in disguise. The constitutional crisis which followed led to the loss of most the Lord's power. I know that period best but my understanding is that the Lords was far more important in the early 1800s. In the 20th century the Lords was more of a nuisance for Labour. It was less powerful than it appeared as few hereditary peers were active in politics. It also usually played by unwritten rules that a government could pass measures that were election commitments. A big reason why change was so slow was that any elected upper house would have the legitimacy to challenge the Commons and governments don't want that.