Those characters on the bayonet are the manufacturers marks. They will tell which arsenal or contractor built the weapon, and, in the later case, which arsenal supervised the construction. In this case, you have both the symbols of the the Nagoya Arsenal and Toyoda Jidoshoki Seisakusho (Toyoda Automatic Loom Works), which means it was built by the Toyoda Automatic Loom Works under Nagoya supervision. These imprints can also give more information about the blade, such as finish, cross guard shape and more.

If you want to look into things further, take a look at this comprehensive webpage: http://oldmilitarymarkings.com/japanese_markings.html

Sources: The afore mentioned webpage, and extracts from Bayonets of Japan by by Raymond C. LaBar.

I am not sure about the characters but I believe that your 'sword' is a bayonet(?)