I understand there were protests against the various taxes imposed by the British; however, once the taxes were repealed, what drove plantation owners, merchants, shopkeepers, artisans, and small-time farmers to join up and start a full-on revolution? Where did the "we hate central authority" ideology come from? and how did Sam Adams organize all of the different parts of colonial society around that ideology?
Propaganda was important. There was hardly universal support for the cause of independence. Like many revolutions past and present, people who were ideologically devoted to one side (be in that of the loyalists or those in favor of independent rule) were in the minority.
Most of the population was to some degree or another on the fence and great effort was expended by both sides to try to convince this majority group to support their respective efforts.
On the side of the revolutionaries was famed social and political philosopher Thomas Paine, author of (among other works) [Common Sense](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Sense_(pamphlet), an anti-British political tract which attracted a wide audience within the colonies and undoubtedly swayed many over to the pro-independence camp.