It might be useful if you could specify the time period you're looking for. From Elizabethan times to now, for example, or from Nelson's time to the Victorian Navy, then the question will be easier to answer.
Hi there, as /u/Second_Mate suggests, it would be helpful if you could narrow your question a bit. Here are some posts I made awhile back on eating and drinking:
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1kmyo6/during_the_age_of_sail_how_did_life_for_both/