Have any societies had class systems that veered drastically from what would be considered 'normal'?

by Hemoglobin93
Tergnitz

Great book series, I've just started the 2nd book.

Regarding your question though, a class system which holds landowners in high regard while treating soldiers with a relatively high amount of derision and scorn could be found in many parts of Western and Central Europe around the 17th to the 19th century.

Take Absolutist France for example, a country whose noble aristocracy generally derived their power and wealth from landed holdings of agricultural land. While it may be misleading to call these nobles ‘farmers’, they did possess a strong connection to the earth in the form of direct ownership. The growth of Romanticism influenced the adoption of Agrarian beliefs among parts of French, British and Prussian society. Without delving into specifics, Agrarianism is a social philosophy that values rural society as superior to urban society, the independent farmer as superior to the paid worker, and sees farming as a way of life that can shape the ideal social values. In contrast to this view, the occupation of a professional soldier was not considered glorious or even respectable by the majority of French society as they did not ‘add’ or 'create' anything. They were also associated with poor morals and greed.

Warfare in 18th century Europe before the French Revolution had the quality of an aristocratic hobby, where armies and navies were the expensive toys of Monarchs playing a game of inter-state diplomacy according to commonly agreed rules. At the time, the majority of European armies represented an amalgam of national and foreign elements; with the proportion of foreign troops typically accounting for one-fourth to two-thirds of the entire army. In many cases, in a reflection of their past feudal role, noble officers were responsible for the recruitment and equipment of their own troops. In the French Army, the Captain, who typically conducted the recruiting, obtained his soldiers from three sources: by voluntary enrolment, from foreign mercenaries, and from the militia. However, soldiers of both national and foreign origin felt little loyalty to the state they served; as illustrated in the Seven Years War, during which Fredrick lost 80,000 men to desertion alone. Joining the military, in a non-officer capacity, was not something men aspired to do. Volunteers were generally desperate men or criminals, while mercenaries were professional soldiers in it primarily for the money.

Range of related sources:

  • Walter L. Dorn, Competition for Empire, 1740-1763, (New York, Harper & Row Publishers, 1963).
  • Philip K. Lawrence, ‘Enlightenment, modernity and war’, History of Human Sciences, Vol. 12, No. 3., (1999).
  • Janice E. Thomson, ‘State Practices, International Norms, and the Decline of Mercenarism’, International Studies Quarterly, Vol.34., No. 1., (1990).
  • Jean-Paul Bertaud, The Army of the French Revolution: From Citizen-Soldiers to Instruments of Power, trans. By R. R. Palmer, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988).