The closest event I can think of that you are describing is event I can think of is a battle that took place in what is today Central Turkey on May 28, 585 B.C., when the Lydians and the Medes were fighting a war. A solar eclipse occured, and both sides took it as a portent and a peace treaty was signed, setting the modern Halys River as the border between Media and Lydia. It's not exactly a "major event in history" by modern standards, but it is notable that at the time predicting eclipses was somewhere between difficult and impossible given the state of mathematical and astronomical knowledge of the day.

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