Well, I can speak a little as to the effect on Orthodox Christianity, especially within the Russian consciousness. There is an idea of Moscow as the "Third Rome," the last bastion and defender of the true Christian faith. Basically, Constantinople was the "Second Rome." After the Great Schism of 1054 Orthodox Christians looked to Constantinople. After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Orthodoxy looked to Moscow. However, this did not happen immediately after the siege. The idea of "Third Rome" took a century or two to take hold in the Russian consciousness and it closely mirrors the rise of the Russian state from the feudal kingdoms of Muscovy in the 15th and 16th centuries to the Russian Empire of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. Sorry for sweeping over centuries of history. I'm not an expert by any means, just an interested observer. Hopefully someone can go into more detail.