How did early prostitutes prevent pregnancy?

by seer_rhee19

I often hear that prostitution is the "Worlds oldest profession." If that's true, how did brothels from Pre-Colonial years keep their workers from getting pregnant? Was there a "go-to" method, or did it vary from culture to culture?

twattybanjo

In Southwark, London there's the Cross Bones Burial Ground, a scrap of unconsecrated ground used for burying prostitutes (some of Sothwark's most popular residents) from sometime before 1598 when it is first referenced.
Fairly recent excavations found, 148 bodies, over one third of them were perinatal (between 22 weeks gestation and seven days after birth) and 11% under one year old.

In Victorian England prostitutes would "farm the baby out". A study by a man named Acton* in 1870 says the official estimate of farmed out babies numbering 30,000 was "under the mark". He also notes the death rate for illegitimate babies under twelve months was eight times higher than amongst legitimate ones.

In "The Seven Curses of London" (1869) James Greenwood quotes a type of newspaper ad typical at the time: " NURSE CHILD WANTED, OR TO ADOPT - The advertiser, a widow with a little family of her own and a moderate allowance from her late husband's friends, would be glad to receive the charge of a young child. Age no object. If sickly would receive a parent's care. Terms, fifteen shillings a month; or would adopt entirely if under two months for the small sum of twelve pounds."

There were three such ads in one newspaper. The children were kept in terrible conditions. Many of the ads have such devices as "family moving abroad" so an excuse for the child disappearing was already in place before it had even been adopted.

A bit of extra income could be had by the adopter by insuring the child. So long as it didn't die a suspicious death there'd be a payout when the time came, which with frequency it did.

One of Acton's main reasons for writing his book was to highlight the proliferation of venereal disease. Once she had it a prostitutes only real recourse was to a "foul ward" which several London hospitals set up purely for that reason. They were too few by a long shot.

*William Acton, Prostitution. Considered in its Moral, Social & Sanitary Aspects 1857

EDIT: If you're in London Cross Bones is still there and has some lovely tributes left by locals hanging on its gates. I'm not sure if it still is but it was under threat of disappearing under some new rail lines. Well worth a look. The history of prostitution in Southwark is fascinating. They were known as "Winchester Geese" because they were licenced by the Bishop of Winchester.

Jasfss

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justhereforhides
untaken-username

There was a very similar question asked in this subreddit about a year ago: How did prostitutes throughout history protect themselves against pregnancy and venereal disease?

[deleted]

Classical antiquity was familiar with the now-extinct herb silphium, which was popular for various medicinal and culinary uses. It is also thought to have possibly been an effective contraceptive. Literature on the subject is not conclusive, however.

unpopularname

This paper might be of interest:

"After reviewing the maneuvers and drugs used for those purposes, the author concludes that ancient physicians did not have at their disposal effective contraceptives and abortifacients other than those that acted mechanically. In view of the danger associated with the mechanical induction of abortion, the ineffectiveness of pharmacological agents, and the limitations of mechanical contraceptives, it is concluded that drugs and other means of inducing abortion and contraception had a very limited impact on population in Antiquity. "

Contraception and Abortion in the Greco-Roman World

Plinio Prioreschi

http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/ishm/vesalius/VESx1995x01x02x077x087.pdf

thebrian

Just dropping by and relaying things that I learned while researching the history of contraceptives from the Interweb.

This journal article is a pretty interesting read on the history of contraceptives. I'm not sure how widely the methods that were discussed were deployed to sex workers throughout the respective time periods, but it really is fascinating to see what options were available at the time.

I found the following summary from PBS's [American Experience: Birth Control Before the Pill] (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pill/peopleevents/e_options.html) webpage:

The withdrawal method was recorded in the Bible's book of Genesis. Around 1850 B.C. Egyptian women mixed acacia leaves with honey or used animal dung to make vaginal suppositories to prevent pregnancy. The Greeks in the 4th century B.C. used natural ointments made with olive and cedar oil as spermicides. A popular Roman writer advocated abstinence. "Womb veils," a 19th-century phrase for diaphragms cervical caps, and condoms, often made from linen or fish intestines, have been in use for centuries. In the 1700s, the famous seducer Giacomo Casanova told of using half a lemon rind as a cervical cap.