I ran into this quote in a recent Reddit thread, and I thought it was really funny. So much so that I immediately became a bit sceptical about it. Is there any proof that Voltaire actually said/wrote this?
Bonus question: If he did, what was the context of the remark?
The quote in that particular wording was popularised by Ross Jeffries, a guy who writes books on how to seduce women, which is probably also the context that you found it in on Reddit. It gets posted on subs like r/TheRedPill and similar "game theory" communities. The usual French wording is Donnez-moi une minute pour faire oublier mon visage grâce à ma conversation, et je pourrai séduire la reine de France, which is only saying one minute, not ten. Both get a lot of attention form self-styled "seduction artists" and the forums they frequent.
Other than countless repetitions of the quote in these two forms, regularly brought up on these types of sites, I've not been able to dig up a single reliable source for him having ever written it. In fact the only thing I've been able to find that even remotely suggesst he said it – searching in either English or French – are books/websites/etc targeted toward aspiring pickup artists. Short of this kind of hearsay, I've not found a single thing that can substantiate that he actually ever said this.