Has a Pope ever been chosen from a country where Catholicism is not the majority religion?

by AlexGalway

Other than during the early church, where they were the minority religion everywhere?

Domini_canes

The easiest answer is within the 20 year rule. In the past two centuries--and for a good while before then--the vast majority of pontiffs have been Italian. From Wikipedia:

There have been 217 popes from Italy, 16 from France, 15 Greeks (of whom 3 born in Greece), 8 from Germany, 6 from Syria, 3 from Africa, 2 from Portugal, 2 from Spain, 2 from Iudaea (Palestine/The Land of Israel), and one each from: England (Adrian IV); the Netherlands (Adrian VI) (and I cut the rest off due to the 20 year rule)

So even the countries/areas outside of Italy have few candidates for your criteria. If we look back for another candidate, the last non-Italian was a Dutchman--Adriaan Florensz, or Pope Adrian VI, whose reign was from 1522-1523. With the Protestant reformation (which I am decidedly not an expert in) having a rough beginning in 1517 with Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses, I have no idea how rapidly Protestantism spread to Adrian's homeland. So he may or may not qualify. Before then we are well outside of my expertise, and I wouldn't know where to look for a suitable candidate for your criteria.