(post also found in art history subreddit) What I do know is that it is from a pamphlet by Joseph Grünpeck titled, "Practica der gegenwertigen grossen Trübsaln unnd vilfaltiger Wunder, so hin und wider in der Wellt am himel erscheinen Den frummen zunutz und bösen zutrutz, durch die letst Chilias biss züm end werhafftig" from 1540. I am looking for similar images or any information anyone might have on the subject matter. here is the image
Not my subject but
Talkenberger, Heike: "Sintflut: Prophetie und Zeitgeschehen in Texten und Holzschnitten astrologischer Flugschriften 1488-1528" (Studien und Texte zur Sozialgeschichte der Literatur 26), Tübingen 1990.
(available on degruyter.com)
sounds just like what you are looking for.
(It's searchable on Google Books and seems to talk at length about Grünpeck, albeit mostly about his Speculum naturalis - less about the Practica which admittedly fall just outside the chosen date range.)
edit: Just saw that you cross-posted to /r/germany looking for a translator, so I guess a German book won't be of much use to you. Sorry, it looked so perfect :(
The title of Talkenberger's work is (roughly) "The Flood: Prophecy and Current Events in the Texts and Woodcuts of Astrological Pamphlets 1488-1528".
Grünpeck's book is titled: "Practica of the current great sorrows and the manifold wonders that have within the world appeared every now and then in the sky to the benefit of the pious and the vexation of the wicked, through the last chilias [Greek: one thousand, used a lot for dates in the biblical Book of Revelation] to the true end."
[German it's: "in the world on the sky", the sky being a part of the world. Gets kinda weird in English.]