After living in Ireland for awhile, I got used to drinking by the pint. Returning to America, I had to get used to drinking the smaller beers again. Where did these seemingly arbitrary sizes come from? I understand where the litre sizes that are used in Europe come from, but never quite got why beers in America are so small and why the British and Irish drink larger beers.
If you go to a bar or restaurant in America and order a beer (draft beer, not bottled) you will generally get a pint (American pint not imperial pint (5 imperial pints = 6 American pints) - the American pint is smaller, for complex historical reasons which probably can be found by searching this sub-redditt's FAQs).
It is only bottled beer in America which comes in smaller servings. Generally, bottled beer comes in smaller servings than draft beer in most of the world, but particularly in warmer countries. France, for example, generally sells bottled beer in the same (or smaller) bottle sizes as the USA. (and draft beer in France, at least in the South, is usually ordered as, "un demi" (which, oddly enough, does not signify half a liter, but half of half a liter, or 25cl) which is a quantity which will not warm up in the time it takes to drink).
In hot countries, where beer is meant to be cold and refreshing and thirst quenching in the heat, beer is usually packaged in containers small enough so they will stay cold during the time it will take you to drink them. (These beers are also often less alcoholic, and "lighter" than beers meant to be drunk in the winter, or in less hot and thirsty climates).
I don't think your information is correct. 330 ml is a very common size for many European beers. In France and Spain there are several brands in even smaller bottles.