This submission has been removed because it involves current events. To keep from discussion of politics, we have a 20-year rule here. You may want to try /r/ask_politics or another current-events focused sub.

edit: to clarify, as the question is stated currently, it asks too much about the the current state of the Middle East, e.g. "why is", "what contributes". If you are are interested in the history of the region, that's completely fine for this sub, but please reword the question to make it clear that you're interested in the past, not the present. Just a reminder that this sub has a "20-year rule", so events/conditions within the last 20 years (i.e 1994+) are off limits here.