Most cannon wouldn't have a large enough bore to stuff the head inside, certainly not field cannon. Large fixed cannon may be big enough for that.

If you're not particularly interested in heads and you're asking more generally about execution via cannon (tying someone to the front of a cannon and firing it), it has a long and storied history, going back many centuries. The Mughal rulers used it in India and Afghanistan. Many colonial powers did as well, including the Brits and Portuguese. It was a particular favorite of the British, who executed hundreds of Indians by cannon after the 1857 mutiny.

The Wikipedia page is a good starting point. You can read the references it quotes for followup reading.

Here's a famous painting by Vasily Vereshchagin, showing how the British used it against Indians. Here's a more recent photograph from the early 20th century showing how it was used in Iran.