There is recent archaeological work being done which has discovered that there was at one time a somewhat advanced monument, and earthwork constructing culture in the Western Amazon.

The earthworks show that there was extensive settlement, road construction, and land working performed in these areas and that one settlement may have had as much as 60,000 inhabitants. Vast road networks, as wide a modern four lane highway (with curbs!), angular construction, canals, bridges, and levees, all demonstrate that at one time a relatively advanced civilization flourished there, and perhaps even cleared out the forest for agriculture.

To put into perspective what this means, it means that the Amazon was at one time, possibly settled by a civilization about as equally advanced as the Mississippian culture that build Cahokia

Incas stretched south to Bolivia, and north Chile and Argentina too!

I can't speak for Brasil and Venezuela, but I know that Argentina did not have a major indigenous group like the Incas, Aztec, Mayans, but it did have a lot of small independent nations. Some that come to mind are the Diaguitas (Northeast region - also in Chile), the Querandíes (in what now would be Buenos Aires), the Mapuches (in the north of the Patagonia region), the Tehuelches (from central Patagiona) and the awesome Selk'nam or Ona (who inhabited the southernmost tip of South America, Tierra del Fuego)

When the whites first contacted with the Selk'nam, around the 19th century they thought they were giants, as they were all mostly over 6ft and very broad and muscular.

Also the Querandíes almost prevented Buenos Aires to exist as they continuously attacked the first city founded in 1536 by Pedro de Mendoza, causing it to be abandoned. It was further re-founded by Juan de Garay in 1580. This time the already weakened (by all the new sicknesses the settlers brought) Querandíes were exterminated.

Sadly, as with the Querandíes, most of Argentina's and dare I say South American's, native people were exterminated or reduced to very small communities by the Europeans or even the new inhabitants, as you can read here

Also here's a map of the distribution of indigenous nations in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Chile

edit: glad you guys liked my comment! first time commenting here :D

In Colombia there were a wide variety of cultures,

the most known is the Muisca, Chibcha-speaking people with an economy based on agriculture. Muiscas had salt mines too, they exported salt and imported honey, and birds.

they are known by this, their metalworking on gold.

Muisca mythology is similar in some ways to the inca mythology, the import of birds had the purpose of rituals. Muisca mythology includes an equivalent to adam-eve. Bachue a woman who emerged form a big lake with a boy (allegedly her child) in her arms. The boy grew up and Bachue get pregnant from him, and they populated the world.

The Muiscas were a confederation, there was not a unique king. and they were in war mostly with the Panches people who disfigured their faces to be fearful. Panches used to be headhunters too, and they practiced the reduction of the head of their dead enemies .

there were other similar cultures like Calima, Motilon and Pijao

There are cultures who survived the Spanish colonization and not were military defeated like the others. One of them are the Wayuu or guajiros.