Yes and no, and a lot of maybe.

Sources aren't clear on the number of Africans in Virginia, or what their status was. What is known is that there were some who were free, some who were indentured, and some who were slaves. T. H. Breen writes in his essay 'The "Giddy Multitude": Race and Class in Early Virginia', that Governor Berkeley estimated some 2,000 Africans in Virginia in 1671, but that this is considered high by modern scholarship. By the 1680s however, the population is thought to have been around 3-4,000, the majority of which were imported from Barbados - a British colony with major sugar production.

With this knowledge, it seems unlikely to think that the early settlers in Virginia would have bought slaves from Barbados, only to turn them into indentured servants once they reached the colony. On the historical record of black men's position in Virginia:

The status of black men in mid-seventeenth century Virginia remains obscure; a few were free, some were indentured servants and most were probably slaves.

What IS certain is that there were large numbers of white indentured servants from England and Ireland, and that these men and the black men often worked together in their jobs, as well as in uprisings and escapes. Indentured servants were often kidnapped people, sharing an experience that while not equal to that of captured Africans, was similar enough to provide common ground. In addition, there were problems with time worked translating to time owed, which resulted in issues surrounding freeing the indentured servants.

To sum up: the status of Africans in Virginia in the 17^th century isn't known for sure, but they were a small number compared to later years. The majority are presumed to have been slaves, with a minority being free or indentured. However, they shared a lot in common with the indentured servants of European origin, who were harshly treated by the plantation owners, and together they were the cause of a fair amount of disruption to the peace.

EDIT: all sourcing for this is from T. H. Breen's chapter, 'The "Giddy Multitude": Race and Class in Early Virginia' from Ronald Takaki's From Different Shores: Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity in America.