I mean chance as in random chance or luck edit: okay o I should clarify that I meant religion that would have a heavy focus on chance.
The following excerpt from my Introduction to Folklore may provide some context:
There is a widespread European belief in supernatural women who determine the fate of humanity. Each had a name that referred to past, present, and future, and not surprisingly, it was the entity that governed the future that inspired the most interest.
The Romans referred to these goddesses as Fata (plural Fatae) as derived from fatum, the word for fate. This root is often linked with the term fey, a word imported into English that presumably serves as the basis for “fairy,” although the exact etymology of the term is disputed.
For the ancient Greeks, the three fates were called Moirae, and in Old Norse they were Norns. Besides being the wardens of past, present, and future, they were also the goddesses of birth, life, and death. These entities did not persist in any clear way in the folklore of the nineteenth century, but there are indications of the tradition in pagan times and vestiges of the folklore survive to the present. These motifs, references that have lost their contextual meaning, are known as “blind motifs.”
The fates were the weavers of destiny. Icelandic sagas describe them literally as working looms, determining who will die and who will live, making a range of detailed choices as they wove their eerie cloth. Their loom was made of dead men’s bones. The fabric was of intestines, and skulls served as the weights to keep the weave tight and orderly. This may be more of a literary device than reflecting actual belief, but there is no doubt that these creatures inspired fear and awe. It is no mistake that the three weird sisters of Shakespeare’s “Scottish Play” (in theatrical circles, it is regarded as bad luck to give voice to the name of the play “Macbeth”) spoke of the future. The fates toyed with humanity, laughing as foolish mortals struggled against the women’s inevitable design of the future.
Fortuna (which by the way means "luck") was a goddess in Roman mythology.
She was the embodiment of luck, both good and bad.