I've written previously about the Soviet Air Force's experience during the war, and touched on, in part, the training of pilots, which I will repeat here:

Originally, c. 1939, pilots were all of good caliber. Candidates for the VVS were chosen from volunteers who had to meet a pretty strict set of requirements for both education and political reliability, including completion of a flying course with roughly 30-40 hours flight time, and then an 18 month course at the military pilots school, which included 80 hours flight in trainers, and 30 in combat aircraft (For comparison, a Luftwaffe fighter pilot would have 150-200 total hours upon deployment, so slightly more). There were also former advisors to Spain who had combat experience, which of course was useful. In 1940 though, the Defense Ministry screwed the pooch, so to speak. The course was reduced to 12 months, and instead of volunteers, candidates were screened from the draftees for the Red Army. Due to this, pilots were no longer junior lieutenants, but sergeants, upon graduation. It was believed that this would somehow improve the Air Force, but as you might expect, it destroyed pilot quality, and hurt discipline, to have draftees instead of volunteers training to be pilots. Combine this with the fact that these poor quality pilots were only just beginning to switch over to very new, very different machines in 1941, the Soviet Air Force was a total mess during Barbarossa.

It wasn't until the beginning of 1943 that the 1940 reforms were mostly erased, although the exigencies of war meant the training course was only nine months at that point, although it would return to 12 months near the end when Russia was not quite as pressed in, with a pilot still getting 100 hours of flight time before deployment. German pilots still enjoyed a positive kills-to-loss rate through mid-1943, but by 1944, the Soviet pilots were dishing out more than they took.

The United States Navy aircrew training syllabus adopted in October 1939 was for three courses totaling 26 weeks long during which the pilots would accumulate 207 flight hours. They would get 74 hours over 14 weeks of primary instruction, 45 hours over 5 & 1/2 weeks of basic training, and then 88 hours of specialized training over the final 6 & 1/2 weeks. Basic training was the phase where instructors would determine what type of aircraft pilot trainees would specialize in.

By January 1941, training had settled in on seven months and 210 hours to graduation with pilot wings. Future carrier pilots still had to accumulate 75 hours of flight time training to become carrier qualified and considered combat ready.