Was the existence of Islam in the USSR ever acknowledged or somehow made a part of US policy during the Cold War, like Anti-Christian and Anti-Jewish rhetoric was used against the USSR in the West?

The CIA during the Afghan war launched covert funding of Islamism against the Soviet authority in their Muslim central Asian Republics. The CIA commissioned thousands of Koran to be printed in Ubzek language and then smuggled by the Pakistani ISI into the USSR to foment nationalist/religious sentiments to destabilize Soviet rule in the area.

Source: Ghost War by Steve Coll