As the title suggests, I am interested in gathering an AskHistorians vetted and approved list of what might be called Islamic Political Theology. By this, I am requesting a list of reading from introductory to advanced of the influence and inspiration of Islamic theology on systems of political governance.
I know this topic is largely and equally a matter of "merely" studying the history of Islam alone, but texts which are specific to this question are encouraged.
Please note that I am familiar with the "Book List" and have already noted the texts referenced there.
Thank you.
So, of fairly recent things (post-WWII), among the most important are:
Radical Jihadism: Sayyid Qutb's Milestones [Ma'alim fi al Tariq] (for context, I think Bruce Lincoln's Holy Terrors works well--I think it's the first chapter) where he rails against the "hypocrites" (false Muslims) in charge of Muslim majority states.
Moderate Islamism: Hassan al-Hudaybi's Preachers Not Judges [Du'at la Qudat] (for context, read Carrie Wickham's The Muslim Brotherhood) where he argues that political Islam basically should work change society. Al-Hudaybi was the second leader of the Muslim Brotherhood and it's a clear refutation of the more radical Qutbist position. It may also pay to read Hassan al-Banna (the founder and first general guide of the Muslim Brotherhood).
Shi'a Islamism: Khomeini's Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist [Hokumat-e Islami: Velayat-e faqih] is the basis of Iran's current political system.
Islam more in line with political liberalism: here's where I know a bit more. The first place to stop is Charles Kurzman's sourcebook Liberal Islam which captures pieces from all over the world, usually from people with large domestic followings. In Western intellectual circles, Tariq Ramadam's work and Turkish journalist Mustafa Akyol's Islam without Extremes have been widely discussed.
One thing to realize, though, is that most countries have indigenous traditions of Muslim political theology. Like, you can't talk political Islam in Turkey without talking Said Nursi (there's a great biography on him by one of the big Turkish historians available in English), but I don't know how widely he's read outside of Turkey, if at all. Probably ditto his follower, Fethullah Gülen (again a lot of great secondary sources on him), and also the political tendency that Gülenist are struggling with in the contemporary political scene, called Milli Görüş after the manifesto and organization both sharing that name. Similarly, political theology in Indonesia requires reading from prominent members of Muhammadiyah and the NU, but it's unclear how widely their work is read outside of the country. Obviously, the further you go back in time the more uniformity you get across the regions until you just get to the Qu'ran, but also the less it actually applies to what's going on now in these different political and theological scenes.
this might not be what your looking for but the history of philosophy podcast is created by a philosopher of Islam (Peter Adamson) and he did a whole series of podcasts (75 20-40 minute podcasts) on the Islamic world and he touches on all/most of the major islamic political theorists essentially of broad middle ages and a bit beyond (briefer sketches later on and nothing on Khomeini). It's a good way to get an introduction to Islamic thinkers such as al-Farabi and for each episode the website provides good primary and secondary texts.
"Red Shiism Versus Black Shiism" by Ali Shariati. It is a manifesto calling for a return to revolutionary religion, and brought a lot of left-wing elements to the Iranian theocratic movement.
"Ghardzādegi" by Jalāl Ahmad is another anticapitalist Shia work. (The title is a pun meaning "Western illness", usually translated "Westoxic" or "Occidentosis".) It borrows Marxist criticisms of overproduction and alienation, but holds up Islam as a force for salvation.