Given that many, if not all, of the original 13 colonies had names of British origin, I was wondering if any lingering bitterness after the war caused anyone to suggest changing any states' names. If there was, why did names remain unchanged? Did any counties/cities/towns/etc change names (a la Berlin, Ontario in Canada being renamed Kitchener during WW1)?
I'm not able to directly answer your question, but I suspect that the change in Berlin, Ontario was in part a will of the people in that town. Not everyone would have wanted the change, but enough clearly did that the name was changed to Kitchener.
There wasn't enough desire to change the name of Swastika, Ontario, though. The Swastika Drug Company during the Second World War even had matchbooks printed saying "Hitler be damned, this is our sign since 1922". Thus, Swastika, Ontario still exists!