Yes.

The Republic of San Marino, a sovereign microstate surrounded by Italy, elected a communist government in 1945 which governed in coalition with the country's socialist party until 1957, when the coalition broke apart and the communists briefly attempted to hold onto power through force, met significant resistance and resigned in a bloodless revolution/constitutional crisis/failed coup attempt. They came back to power in 1978 as coalition leaders and lost it again in 1986.

Communists in Bavaria briefly proclaimed a Soviet Republic in the immediate aftermath of the first world war, but they were crushed in a month by the Freikorps.

Many countries in Western Europe, most notably France and Italy, had active communist parties which would occasionally become the junior partners in coalition governments or win subnational elections.

Also of note is the situation during the Spanish Civil War; although the Republic was led by a social democratic party, they were heavily reliant on Soviet aid and the support of the Communist Party of Spain, and the POUM attempted to carry out a worker's revolution in Catalonia, only to be crushed by the Popular Front's government.