This question is a bit hard to answer because it is somewhat vague. Do you mean before WWII? If you mean overt, unarmed opposition from political groups - that was significantly harder after the Nazis took control because opposition parties were banned and dissenters were often sent to concentration camps [the first concentration camps were in 1933] as political prisoners.

During the war there were some attempts at Jewish armed resistance. Overt, armed resistance became more commonplace, because it was seen as necessary for survival. The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was one attempt, while another were the Bielski Partisans. The Bielski Partisans were quite remarkable- operating in the forests Belarus, they managed to save over 1200 people.

The Jews had lots of popular support from the Communist Part of Germany (KPD) and the other left-wing political parties.

Many high-ranking Communists in Germany were jewish, and the vast majority of leftists supported Jewish Liberty in Europe.

An interesting story thats kinda off topic but whatever:

Before the early 20th Century, the left-wing societies weren't as favorable towards the Jews as they later became. Jews were back then mostly seen as greedy capitalists and ruthless bankers by both left and right alike.

However, this is all going to change when Albert Dreyfus, a french jewish military man, is going to be arrested and falsely convicted of High Treason before a military court. This is going to spark massive outrage in France, and will only get worse when evidence is found that Dreyfus is actually innocent, becoming clear that his conviction was only due to his origins.

Émile Zola, a famous french author and socialist, is going to write a letter whose headline ("J'accuse!"/"I accuse!") has now become world famous, in which he denounces the Count of Esterhazy of having committed the aforementioned treason.

Finally, France is going to split up between those who defend Dreyfus (the jewish community, the left parties) and those that don't (the french military, the right wing parties). This event is going to cement that relationship between leftists and jews, which will only be broken after the Creation of Israel and as the US slowly becomes strong allies with it, much to the Left's dismay.

The Dreyfus affair, even though it happened over a hundred years ago, still has repercussions in current French Politics, like ultra-nationalist Marine Le Pen still standing convinced that Dreyfus was guilty.

Did they protest the entire system by not voting?