Is it acceptable in Reddit to bump things? I sure hope so, because that's what I'm doing right now.

I will limit my answer to Java island, which will be the Mataram Kingdom at the time, because that's my area of expertise.

First thing first, the number of professional soldiers under the king weren't as many as one would imagine; when Panembahan Senapati (a.k.a Prince Sutawijaya) attacked Madiun area in East Java, he only brought a hundred soldiers who were all private palace guards directly under the command of the Sultan. The rest were taken from conscripted service.

The most important part of Mataram soldiers' training was cavalery. These soldiers were known for their amazing feat on horseback. With their feet they perfectly controlled the horses, and their hands beautifully played the sword or spear. To further perfect their war abilities, every Senen (Monday) and Seton (Saturday) there would be held war practice, which every prince must attended with his own personal professional troops. The uniform was consisted of iron mail, red coat and red cap.

The artillery wasn't very skilled nor many in number to the point that Sultan Agung felt the need to invite Portuguese army in 1624 to train his troops on how to handle the cannonry (said to be gifted by the Ottoman Sultan).

The recruits during peaceful time was done in two ways: test for the commoners and nepotism for the royals. Commoners who passed the test would first be put onto the city guard post. After some time and showing further talent, they would be promoted to king's guard post. City guard was distinguished into several corps. The Tamtama and Wirabraja was to guard the city, while the Keparak was to guard the palace. The Pemajegan (pajeg = pajak = tax) functioned as tax collectors.

Common weapon would be traditional weapon such as swords, halberds, spears, bow, and kris, the traditional dagger of Java (commonly known as keris in Indonesia). There are two reasons why traditional weapons were widely used at rhe time when modern weaponry could be easily begotten: first, the skill to use them were very lacking. Second, Javanese believed every weapon (made personally by blacksmiths who had magical power) contained magical properties which would aid them in battle, especially kris, which was also showing the bearer's social status.

For a major war, logistic would be supplied via waterways. During the attack on Surabaya at 1620, eighty ships were employed by navies to carry supplies and even horses via Gresik for their infantries. Other than supply carrier, the navies were also employed to block enemy's supply or reinforcements, especially when the war happened near an important trading port.

War was mostly fought during Summer. First reason, the dry ground made it easier for troops to cross the land. Second, the start of Summer also means the season of harvesting, which meant adequate supply for the troops.

Source:

• Puncak Kekuasaan Mataram by HJ de Graaf

• Ruler and Realm in Java by B. Schrieke