I know it's a pretty large question, but when did people in Italy stop being 'Romans' and when did people in Greece stopped being 'romeoi' and started beeing Greek? My question is mainly inspired by this, where under nationality Taleb is identified as 'Rûm'. Does that mean that there are people who still technically identify as Romans?
In Greece, this happened in the 19th and 20th centuries with the creation of the Greek state. My grandmother still uses the term Ρωμιά sometimes for example. I made a post about it here:
I think it is worth mentioning that the name Hellen in the Greek-speaking world fell out of use and it got replaced by the term Roman. Especially after the Christianization of the Empire, "Hellen" became associated with paganism and later it fell pretty much completely out of use (as far as we know, the last ones who used it were the Maniots who were still pagan up until the 9th century, as the Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos mentions in "De Administrando Imperio"). Until around the formation of the Greek state in 1830, Hellen was essentially never used, except some times romantically. Greeks were self-identifying as Ρωμιοί, or, more formally, Ρωμαίοι (both meaning Roman) and their language Ρωμέικα. This kept being the main name of the Greeks that were outside Greece until well into the 20th century. Today, Ρωμιός is still used sometimes in traditional songs, and in various other contexts.
You can also read some more stuff here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_the_Greeks
hi! you may be interested in this section of the FAQ
Never. Part of Italian culture is still a large sense of cityism (nationalism towards your city? I don't know the proper word) in most major areas. A lot of people in Rome still consider themselves Romans before Italians.