May I add a supplementary question and ask: What was the thing (that looks like a land mass) running across the bottom? Did they know about Antarctica?

And the land mass that gets cut off near where Australia is - presumably that's Indonesia and not Australia? EDIT: It appears to be an enormous New Guinea (which returns back in on the left of the map).

That's Nicola van Sype's La heroike enterprise faict par le Signeur Draeck d'Avoir cirquit toute la Terre, presumed published in the Netherlands somewhere. It was a thematic map intended to celebrate the exploits of Sir Francis Drake in his circumnavigation of the Earth.

From my vantage point, I see the map to be intensely wrong, but wrong in ways that we can explain. For example, it's very abstract and the northwestern reaches of the Atlantic connect Greenland and Labrador; longitude is all hinky (no shock there); and South America is enormously deformed as was the tendency in published maps of that era--and cartographers tended to buy copperplate prints and keep them on hand to compile their own maps. Drake himself kept observations of latitude, so some charting was certainly possible.

This kind of data therefore came from compilation from purchased maps, with Drake's information overlaid on it. If Drake had any hand in the map, he might have corrected a detail or two, but likely did not; his voyage (and tweaking of the Spanish nose) was quite famous and celebrated among Anglo-Dutch literati. One thing that does stand out is that Latin American distortion; that stems from the fact that Drake's Golden Hinde was the first non-Spanish vessel to really traverse it, and he may have captured a Spanish chart book (those things were worth more than gold and quite secret) but that information clearly isn't included here--nor is the data on insular SE and E Asia which the Portuguese certainly had but kept under wraps.

As for how long it would take to make such a map, it depends on the process used. It could easily take less than a month, especially if it's made via modification of an existing copper plate of a map. If you can find a similar map (even a much earlier one), it may just be a modification.