Edit: I know that neanderthals and prehumans predated known civilization, but there are texts that account (or seem to) prehistory via writing down oral tradition, etc. This is what I'm looking for here.
The distance between our earliest historical documents and the first homo sapiens is far too great for anything to have been preserved. Even if we were to find something that might suggest knowledge of neanderthals or direct human ancestors, that would hardly be a good conclusion. We're talking 30,000 years of oral history for accounts of Neanderthals, and 200,000 years for pre-homo sapiens. This is orders of magnitude beyond what we see of oral histories with sufficient reliability to identify other hominids.