Muslim Soldiers Serving in the SS?

by jeremyfrankly

I saw a picture [imgur] of Nazi soldiers kneeling in prayer, with the caption:

Muslim members of the Waffen-SS 13th division at prayer during their training in Germany, 1943

I've read a lot about the role (or lack thereof) of Christianity in WWII Germany. But how much religious diversity existed during this period? Is the photo accurate?

vonadler

The Waffen SS was never an elite force. There were 4-5 divisions that were elite, while the other 33-34 varied from okay to downright useless.

As the war progressed and the Waffen SS expanded, the Germans extended "honorary aryan" status to anyone willing to fight against their enemies. This included muslim Bosniaks in Bosnia and muslim Albanians in Albania and Kosovo who were by Himmler assigned an ethnic Iranian and thus aryan origin rather than Slavic or Turkic origins.

These were 21. Waffen-Gebirgs-Division der SS "Skanderbeg" (albanische Nr. 1) and 13. Waffen-Gebirgs-Division der SS "Handschar" (kroatische Nr. 1). The 13. was raised from Bosniaks. As Bosnia was part of the German puppet state of Croatia at the time, it was referred to as a Croat division.

The 13. Waffen-Gebirgs-Division der SS "Handschar" (kroatische Nr. 1). was raised in 1943 and used in Bosnia and Croatia, fighting the local partisans. It quickly earned a reputation for brutality against civilians and a long list of war crimes. The division's combat value was low - during training in France, part of it had rebelled and executed German officers and during 1944, it was plagues by desertions. Catholic Croats and Volksdeutsche had to make up the slack. The last of the muslim Bosniaks deserted. The division never managed to get up to its intended strength, being more a reinforced brigade than a division and was lightly equipped with heavy arms.

The 21. Waffen-Gebirgs-Division der SS "Skanderbeg" (albanische Nr. 1) was raised in May 1944, with one of its battalions having served in the 13. division earlier. The Germans found some willing recruits in the Kosovo Albanians, who feared a return of Yugoslav rule post-war. However, the Gendarmerie and Army of Albania which had been established by the Italians were described as "totally corrupt, unusable, undisciplined and untrainable". The division never reached more than brigade strength. As a combat formation, the division proved more interested in settling scores with Serbian and other christian civilians than actually fighting the partisans it was intened to do. The Germans had to disarm an entire battalion and send one of its officers to prison in Germany after one particularly nasty episode. The Germans realised the division was incapable of combat duty and put it to garrison duty, from which it melted away in desertions once the partisans turned up.

The Germans also raised the 162. (Turk.) Infanterie-Division, a formation that was recruited from Soviet prisoners of war from Central Asia and consisted to a large part of Turcoman and other Central Asian muslims. This formation was raised in May 1943 and used in Italy in anti-partisan duties. It had a brief episode at the front, fighting the Allies at Rimini before returning to rear area duties.

The SS formations were third (or even fourth) line with very limited combat value, while the Heer formation was a second line formation.

The photo is very much accurate and the Germans did try to capitalise on muslim anti-semitism and traditional enmity between European muslims and their christian (catholic or orthodox) neighbours. They also rasied a very small formation of Indian muslims from captured Indian troops in British service. How much service the Germans actually got out of the muslims, who seem to generally have been more concerned either about revenge or about the bigger rations soldiers got (or even just getting weapons) can be debated.