hi! hopefully one or more of the Mongol or military historians drops by to help you out, but I've found a few similar previous posts that might get you started. The answers aren't necessarily in-depth or well-cited so take these as possible leads that need follow-up

• How was Mongolia able to conquer Russia in the winter while Napoleon, Wilhem II, and Hitler all failed?

• We know that invading Russia was never a good idea, but why did the Mongols succeed?

• If you've watched Crash Course World History, you know that they frequently make generalizations, then add "...except for the Mongols" Where the mongols really an exceptional empire?

Meanwhile, if you want to dig more deeply into the Napoleonic & WWII invasions of Russia with regard to winter, check out these posts (a few contain links to several more):

• Was it the Russian Winter or Spring that were Hitler's & Napoleon's biggest enemy during invasion of Russia?

• Did Napoleon and the Nazis face winters of historic harshness in 1812-13 and 1941-42?

• Did the winter/conditions really make the Germans lose at Stalingrad

• How important was the cold to the defeat of the Nazi war machine in the Soviet Union?

• What are some main reasons that Operation Barbarossa failed other than the Russian winter?

• It's said the Nazis were not prepared with appropriate clothing and supplies for the Russian winter. How did the German High Command have such an operational failure? Were there not long term plans to occupy Russia and did they not realize they would need winter equipment then?

• Why did the Germans invade the Soviet Union without adequate preparation?

Instead of writing your essay for you a starting bibliography would be good to look at.

Timothy May The Mongol Art of War

Richard A. Gabriel Genghis Khan’s Greatest General: Subotai the Valiant

Leo de Hartog Russia and the Mongol yoke : the history of the Russian principalities and the Golden Horde, 1221-1502

Its best to look at the different styles of warfare between the countries that you have listed, and their strengths and weaknesses. From there you can find more books.

Good luck.