hi! There's lots of room for more input on this (and there are perhaps more posts on this), but you can get started on these

various movements

• After slavery was abolished and they were released, how come the whole African American population was not sent back to africa?

• Henry Clay ran for president three times over a period of twenty years. Did the political platform on which he ran stay relatively consistent or were there any major changes?

• What sort of internal conflicts existed in civil rights movements of the 20th Century?

• Modern back to Africa groups?

• What is the relationship between Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie I and the Rastafari movement in Jamaica?

• Why did the KKK oppose the Back-to-Africa movement?

a few accounts of how it went

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• thread in The Oatmeal just released this post about Christopher Columbus. How historically accurate is it?

Well in a way, yes. Termed "Back-to-Africa" movements, there have been a few organizations and movements to send members of the diaspora back to Africa, also being called "Black Zionism." Two of them that come to mind are Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and the Rastafari religion (which is arguably based on UNIA activism) Garvey was an early 20th century Jamaican black nationalist who emphasized black separation and a return to Africa. He established the Black Star Line as a means to transport goods and eventually people to Africa as a means to create more Pan-African solidarity, I don't mean to give the impression that the UNIA only acted as a "Back-to-Africa" device but it was a large part of their organization goals. In a 1924 speech he stated:

So the Universal negro Improvement Association is pointing the way to destiny. There is only one relief which is: while the world is reorganizing itself, while political boundaries are being adjusted, to pitch in and establish some political stronghold of your own. And there is no more logical place than Africa....I trust you understand what the (UNIA) is driving at when we say that the time is now that we are to endeavor to create a nation of our own, and I thank God we are gradually creeping toward the realization of that dream.

In terms of the Rastafari religion, whose inception was only a few years after the height of the UNIA (1930's) one of root tenets of the Rastafari religion is Repatriation. They believe that all Diasporic Africans are but exiles in "Babylon" (Analogous to the Diasporic Jews) and they will one day return to "Zion" (Africa in general, Ethiopia in particular) This belief is one of the cornerstones of their religious beliefs and another reason white Rastas are dumb.

Source: Negro with a Hat: The Rise and Fall of Marcus Garvey, Colin Grant, Rastafari: Roots and Ideology, Barry Chevannes