What happened to people that were killed or injured on a medieval or ancient battlefield?

by Vatlaaw

While two sides were fighting on the battlefield, were fallen comrades simply stepped over and ignored, trampled or dragged back into the lines?

Hollowegian

I can provide some examples from the medieval Middle East that suggest that battlefield clearance was probably not a priority, especially for victorious combatants.

The Byzantine historian, Leo the Deacon, wrote in the 990s and twice records piles of bones left on the field of battle for long periods of time after an engagement had finished.

In 917, the Byzantines suffered a heavy defeat at the hands of the Bulgars, and were cut down in their thousands when they routed. Leo reports that 'even now there could be seen piles of bones at Achelous, where the fleeing army of the Romans was disgracefully slain.' While Byzantium was once again as war with the Bulgars at Leo's time of writing, there had been a prolonged period of peace where it would have been possible to clear the bones at Achelous. It may be argued that the Byzantines had little desire to reclaim the unrecognisable bones of men who had been 'disgracefully slain.'

Leo also reports that 'piles of human bones can still be seen to this day in many places there' when referring to the battlefield of Andrassos. In 960, a Byzantine army had trapped an army of the Hamdanid Emirate in the Tauros Mountains and severely mauled it, and decades afterwards the bones of many in the defeated Arab army clearly still lay there. We can guess that the Byzantines would have had little desire to clear away such a good warning against marauding Arab armies.

Slightly later, Byzantine princess/historian Anna Komnene reported that, during the First Crusade in the 11th century, the Turks left a 'mountain' of bones after a massacre of crusaders. Like the Andrassos example, it is possible that the bodies of defeated combatants were purposely not cleared in order to act as a deterrent against any future invaders.

Hinmatoowyalahtqit

You might be interested in two of our past threads, though they don't directly answer the question: