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There is no university history course that is going to get you any more than a superficial understanding of life, the universe, and everything. That's why PhDs specialize. The different backgrounds between understanding just one (say, Greek) kind of cult practice from Mycenaean times to modern Orthodoxy (and Ii doubt anyone actually does that) and the evolution of, say, European military tactics over the same span of time is... well, daunting is an understatement.
My university teaches its World History courses out of Worlds Together, Worlds Apart, a 3 volume textbook (this link is only to the first), which, frankly, has tons of errors. The Roman Republic stuff is terrible. I found a massive error in the Inca section and I don't even do Meso-America stuff, and one prof I worked for told me the map of 17th century Japan is completely wrong. Because even when a panel of 9 (I think?) historians write a book in collaboration, it's not enough brain power or total man-hours of study to get everything right.
It seems to be the best world history text my department can agree on.
Perhaps if you could be more specific about your ambitions?
PS: There are timelines like this if you can get your hands on one. I personally don't find them especially useful. Studying history horizontally is sometimes interesting, but mostly I find it's a "names and dates" approach.
EDIT: like an idiot I forgot to link the timeline.
What you're asking for sounds a bit like "big history," a term for a particular branch of world history that looks at the largest trends and longest timescales. The guy probably most responsible for this approach is David Christian (Australian National University? Macquarie?), and his book is Maps of Time. You should be able to find it online used for just a few of whatever your national units of currency are.
A lot of the sentiment that you may receive here will lean towards the fact that trying to get an overall view of the history of mankind in any way that is productive is impossible.
I echo this sentiment, but all hope is not lost. Before you find an area that truly interests you, and that you would like to pursue, there are some great lectures out there that can give you a grasp on world history.
There is a particular course called "A brief History of Humankind" by Yuval N. Harari - Hebrew University. It's a free course that I would, and have recommended, with good results.
You will have to sign up for it, but it's really worth the small sacrifice of time. It begins at the big-bang, and goes through, in a sort of linear fashion, what the lecturer deems as important and critical events in human history.
No two teachers will come remotely close to giving the same course ( at times even on the same topic), but of the many that I have seen in my time, this one had my full attention throughout and was absolutely fascinating.
Here's the link where you can review the syllabus (at least to take a glance at what he covers -17 lectures in all), and if it's what you're looking for, then you can sign up for the course. Best of luck: