For example, why were attempts not made to bomb railways into the camps, or the gas chambers themselves when the Allies learned of the atrocities being committed throughout the war?
Hi there, while you wait for further answers you may also be interested in this thread (56 responses, about a year old) which asked a very similar question. The tl;dr: of the thread seems to be:
Auschwitz was/is in Poland, a long way from western Europe, making bombing it from the West very difficult.
precision bombing of rail targets (tracks, marshaling yards) was difficult, and tracks were often fairly easy to repair
given the difficulties of precision bombing in general, bombing of the camps would likely result in civilian deaths
winning the war as quickly as possible was seen as the best way to stop the activities of the concentration and death camps
I was under the impression that the holocaust wasn't really known to any of the allies until Germany had already been defeated, is this incorrect?
You might also be interested in this thread from two weeks ago.