Yes. It's one of the ways secular scholars date the books of the Hebrew Bible. Pardes, the Old Persian word for garden, appears in the original Hebrew for Song of Songs 4:13, Ecclesiastes 2:5, and Nehemiah 2:8 meaning "park" or "garden" (it later, through Greek and association specifically with the garden morphed into the paradise). The word came to English through Old French, which borrowed it from Latin, which borrowed it from Koine Greek (the language of the New Testsment), though I'm not sure if Greek borrowed it from Hebrew or directly from Perisan. Interestingly, it might have been a borrowing into Old Persian from Akkadian. Like all other Persian loan words in Hebrew, it only appears in works composed after the Babylonian exile (so post-538 BCE; remember the Babylonian Capitivty ended when the Persians conquered Babylon). For a longer list of loan words in Biblical Hebrew, see here, for example.

It's not just a current thing. People have been borrowing words for a long time. They're known as a 'loanword.' A 'loanword' is a word that is taken from one language and put into another without translation even though over time the spelling between the two languages can change. Funnily enough 'loanword' is an example of a 'calque', that is a word that is translated into a language from another language and the word 'loanword' is from the German word 'Lehnwort.' 'Calque' though is a 'loanword' from French. Just a funny tidbit.

Anway, an example of a loanword from the ancient world is the word Gladius. A Gladius was of course the very iconic sword of the Roman legions and Gladiators. It's where the word Gladiator comes from.

The word Gladius itself is seen as probably being a Celtic loanword.

http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=gladiator&allowed_in_frame=0

Not to discourage answers here but you might have better luck with this question over at /r/asklinguistics