Reading about rise of evidence-based science and the formalization of the Scientific Method, then looking further back to the Greek era of "scientists" who seem to have relied heavily on reason and logic instead of experiments.
I'm very curious how early scientists in Greece and the Middle East rationlized the natural phenomena around them.
You may want to ask /r/askphilosophy or /r/philosophyofscience. Both subreddits have several panelists who specialize in both the history of science and contemporary philosophy of science.