No. The US was pretty much the exclusive user of the VT proximity fuze during WWII. With rare exceptions, the main self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon of the US army was the .50cal machinegun in mounts of up to four.

The .50cal round was much too small to even carry the VT fuze, let alone carry enough explosive filler to make it worthwhile. During the War, full-sized artillery guns and naval 5" mounts made good use of the VT fuze, but those had a 55lb shell (in the case of the naval 5"/38cal gun). The entire .50cal BMG cartridge (not just the bullet) weighs roughly four ounces or 1/220th of the 5"/38cal round.

Here's a picture of the size of the VT fuze. Not likely to fit on anything smaller than an artillery round!