There is no source other than the bible that puts the Jews as slaves in egypt that I am aware of.
There's no archaeological evidence outside of the Bible (which is not a trusted source when it comes to history) for the enslavement of the Jews, or their fleeing from Egypt. Considering it was something like 60K Jews fleeing across the desert, we'd expect some sort of evidence left behind, or at least some mention in Egypt.
Sources- http://www.huffingtonpost.com/staks-rosch/the-biblical-exodus-story-is-fiction_b_1408123.html http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/the-jewish-thinker/were-jews-ever-really-slaves-in-egypt-or-is-passover-a-myth-1.420844
We have no extrabiblical corroboration for the Jews specifically being slaves in Egypt. However, we do have evidence for a Semitic people from the Levant region (ancient Canaan) residing in the Delta region in roughly the time period usually attributed to the Exodus. These sites include Tel el Dab'a (also known as the Hyksos capital city of Avaris, from the time when the "Asiatics" ruled Egypt, though "Asiatics" were living there for some time by the time this happened), Izbet Helmi, Tell el-Mashkuta, Tell el-Retaba, and others in this region. There are also inscriptions and paintings of "Asiatics" coming into Egypt from the Beni Hassan tombs. Therefore, Semitic peoples were absolutely present in Egypt during the time when the Exodus story took place (by Semitic peoples, I mean people from the Land of Canaan, outside Egypt, foreigners from northeast of Egypt). We do not, however, have any records of Israelites specifically in Egypt (though we really shouldn't expect to), since they really weren't a people group until after the Exodus. We also don't have anything concrete regarding the Exodus from the Egyptian perspective, most likely because the Egyptians were historically prone to propaganda and never recorded negative things that happened unless they could spin it in a positive way. We have archaeological sites from the period corresponding to the Way of Horus mentioned in the Bible, but scholars are divided about whether the Exodus should be dated to ~1240 BC or to ~1440 BC, and therefore there is no agreement about which Pharaoh is mentioned in the biblical text.