This question does not really have a definite answer. In fact, it has been subject of academic debate for quite some time.

The debate can be best summed up with the following positions: Intentionalist Historians of the Nazi period held that it was in fact the Nazi's plan from the very beginning to commit genocide. As evidence they cite among others several passages from Mein Kampf or the 1939 speech my fellow commenter has mentioned.

On the other hand, you have functionalists historians. Members of this group hold that the policy of mass killing had only developed through a process of "cumulative radicalization" (as Hans Mommsen called it), i.e. that a combination of factors such as the war, the problems with acquiring foodstuff for the German population, and several local initiatives to start killing Jews among others lead to the Holocaust.

The latter has become in a modified form the academic consensus on the matter by now. This just stems from the timeline and development:

In the 1930s the Nazis' plans to get rid of Jews pretty much consisted of forced emigration to the West or Palestine. Only with the start of the war, did several planners start developing the idea of "Jewish reservation" in occupied territory (such as in Nisko, Poland where the first deportations in 1939 went) and then after the defeat of France of a Jewish reservation in Madagascar (make no mistake however, the "reservation" was not designed for Jews to have a good life there, Nazi planners always calculated that most of them would in fact die).

Only with the attack on the Soviet Union did systematic killing start. Since the war against the Soviet Union was the war against Soviet Bolshevism, the order was given for any and all Jews to be murdered there during the summer of 1941. Form the Soviet Union the idea was first adapted for Poland to systematically kill Jews in camps (so-called Aktion Reinhard) and then pretty much for the whole continent. The decision for this was made sometime between October and December 1941 according to most scholars.

So, in short, no the Death Camps were not planned from the start.

The best source for this is

Ian Kershaw: The Nazi Dicatatorship: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation, London 1985.

Sorry for the late reply, hope you still value the opinion of a late poster.

I agree with 'commiespaceinvader' that the Death Camps were not planned from the start. Their mission began with the dehumanizing, and encouraged emigration of the Jews. And while leaving Germany was Financially ruining, and difficult; life was only getting more difficult for Jews in Germany. Germany's policies gradually escalated towards total enslavement and slaughter of the Jews as Germany's financial situation was made tighter by their war against the Soviets.

So I would like to say: Had the major Western Powers, or even just a larger portion of Western Nations (Central and South America) changed their Immigration Policy and encouraged Jewish emigration out of Germany; I feel that the escalation to total-enslavement and slaughter would probably not have happened, as the population would have been significantly reduced through Germany's first intended method; leaving.

I don't entirely intend to offend anyone when I say this, but it likely will. I tend to assert that the Holocaust was not merely a Nazi construct; but one of the cumulative opinion of Westerners. Jews had it hard everywhere, but not just them, homosexuals, gypsies, and the like. I'm not going to assert that the entire western world wanted the Holocaust to happen, but I feel their eagerness to combat the situation was questionable; and that their treatment of the very same kinds of people was eerily reflective of how Germany treated them, prior to the forced relocation to the camps.

So summarize in a way that remains relevant to the topic: Was the "Final Solution" an inevitable outcome of Nazi anti-Semitic theology?

I say no. Rather, it was the inevitable outcome of CENTURIES of anti-Semitic WESTERN Theology.

Hitler publicly announced this as early as 1939 in a speech, saying [my shortened translation] "If the international finance jewry will start another world war, the result will be the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe". Of course this can be seen as a national socialist propaganda figure that doesn't necessarily mean the actual murder of every European jew.

In fact, there have been a lot of other plans. At first, all German Jews were forced into emigration, while poorer and older people often didn't have the means to leave. One plan was to as Stalin to accept a great number of Jews into the Jewish autonomous oblast in eastern Siberia.

Another idea was to ship German Jews to an Island like Madagascar.