AS FAR AS I KNOW there were not any maroon* communities that were Islamic in their collective cultural identities.

You have to remember that the overwhelming majority of slaves brought to the "New World" were West African, and from roughly 40+ different tribes. There were ten main groups that were captured and sold from that region to include the Yoruba, Chamba, Makua, Mande, BaKongo, all of whom had different cultures and religious beliefs.

For example, the BaKongo were a syncretic religion which had native African and Christian beliefs, the Mande were largely Muslim but also contained some native beliefs. Akans were Christian, Animist, and Muslim. The Yoruba are known for their complex and robust beliefs which have been manifested in American syncretic beliefs like Santeria and Vodun("Voodoo"). Wolofs were largely animists among the commoners. Chamba again were largely animists. These patterns repeat themselves among the other numerous ethnic bands who were subjected to slavery.

Many of these Maroon communities that survived into the 18th and 19th Centuries were blended with Native tribes such as the Taino or survived on their own developing their own beliefs, such as the Saramaka peoples. The overwhelming majority of these groups were animist in their belief structures, but a few were made up of Santaria or Vudoun style beliefs that combined faiths. You have to remember that these slave communities shrank and swelled over time in their population. Often times when disasters would hit, such as hurricanes, many slaves would escape and flee into the wilderness. Since these slaves were themselves widely mixed, and often influenced by the Christianity of their owners, any manifestation of Islamic belief would have been diluted.

While it is entirely possible that there were at times communities that were wiped out, died off, or completely absorbed by another, which did practice Islam or a variation of it, there aren't any noted with that particular cultural trait.

*Maroon for the readers information in this case refers to the collective groups of escaped African slaves in the Americas who formed their own communities in the far wildernesses of the unexplored or difficult to reach regions. They encompased communites all over the area, stretching from the Carolinas to the southern tips of South America. Even islands such as Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Cuba had maroon communities.

While I don't know of any communities that did so as a whole, there was a Muslim presence in slave communities in the New World. Indeed, the Spanish expressed a concern about Muslim slaves converting the local Native Americans, and did their best to prevent such conversions. In "Servants of Allah," Sylviane Diouf talks about how Muslim slaves were a disproportionately large percentage of the slaves organising maroon communities and slave revolts, most notably the Bahia revolt. They tended to rise in the slave hierarchy because there was a greater proportion of them who were literate and had a greater rate of being freed.

Now, that said, Islam as they practised it hasn't survived. As I mentioned earlier, the Spanish were careful to eliminate Islam from their slaves as much as possible, using any means at their disposal. Outside Spanish dominion, there was also heavy pressure to convert and adopt Christianity, something which did have an effect on Muslim slaves as well.

We had another recent post on one of our sister subreddits asking about Islam among slaves in the New World that you might find interesting.