All further answers of proper quality are still very welcome as there's definitely still room for good discussion, but here's a link to a previous thread with a pretty strong top answer for this question.

From what I understand, names that are commonly associated with African-American culture stem from those who identify with the Afrikan Diaspora. Essentially, African descendants lack nationalist or ethnic identity due to their common, widespread history of imperialism and slavery throughout the Western world. More and more Africans throughout the world relate to the principles of self-determination associated with the Afrikan diaspora and its principles. Thus, the "ghetto" names to which you are referring are usually based on traditional African names and serve the purpose of relating the individual to the Afrikan diaspora at large. Much of these principles came to light in the United States with the rise of the Black Panthers under Malcom X.

For more reading, I would suggest 65 Am. J. Int'l L. 459 (1971) Self-Determination; Emerson, Rupert

Edit: punctuation and words

Well, there are a number of issues in the question to begin with. The first is the assumption that names that do not conform to traditional Anglo normativity are associated with being "ghetto". This is to say that a name like Laquiesha is not inherently associated with someone who lives in the poorer, crime ridden parts of town (i.e. the "ghetto") but rather that name is associated with being African-American, and being African-American is associated with being "ghetto". In short, yes, I'm calling your question racist (and I'm a white guy). Not trying to knock on you, but just pointing out that this rather common question by white people is an example of the ways that racism is deeply ingrained (to the extent that it's almost invisible) in our culture.

But to go ahead and answer it many of the names that you associate with being distinctly African-American are actually americanizations of African and or Arabic names that are used by some individuals as a way to disassociate themselves and their offspring with Anglo normativity, which they see as having oppressed them for centuries. This stems out of the black power movement of the 1970s, for before that, naming patterns among African-Americans did not significantly diverge from those of whites. Furthermore, this pattern is mostly confined to certain segments of the African-American community, especially those segments that live in racially segregated communities, while other segments have moved more in line with Anglo normative naming customs.

Source: National Bureau of Economic Research: The Causes and Consequences of Distinctively Black Names

Two further points though. First, most African-Americans, like most other Americans, use names that are traditional Anglo normative names like John (as in John Legend or Congressman John Lewis), Michael (as in Michael Jordan), etc. The most common black names are not terribly unusual.

Second, African-Americans do not have the market cornered on weird sounding names, rather American society has decided to single out African-Americans for having funny names while white folks who have funny names are not called out at all. Seriously, think about it. How normal of a name are Rush (Limbaugh), Willard ("Mitt" Romney), Tagg (Romney), Saxby (Chambliss), Reince (Priebus), Jenji (Kohan), Apple (Paltrow-Martin), Steny (Hoyer), and on, and on. If the more unordinary names of African-Americans deserve the ridicule of being dismissively labeled as "the other", shouldn't we also treat these unordinary names of white people the same?

Source (on these final two idea, mainly because I didn't come up with it on my own): Jamelle Bouie at TDB

edit: grammar