No. The term Buddhism, the concept of it, really doesn't develop until fairly late in the colonial encounter. For more on this, see Almond's the British Discovery of Buddhism. He dates it to the Victorian period, if I recall correctly. At the time, almost all educated Europeans would probably think that there were four religions in the world: Paganism/Heathenism, Judaism, Christianity, "Mohamedanism" (Islam). Other things, like Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, etc. were only gradually separated out during colonialism. For more on this, see Jonathan Z. Smith's "Religion, Religions, Religious" or Tomoko Masuzawa's The Invention of World Religions.

There were possibly earlier encounters with Buddhism (certainly in Greek-speaking Central Asia), but the idea that this was a distinct religion was I believe universally lost (indeed, the early modern idea of what constituted a religion doesn't even match up fully with our own--I strongly recommend the J. Z. Smith article)