I touched on this recently, from a broader perspective, here. Your timeframes do somewhat skew the question though - the first five years of Soviet power were occupied with the Civil War (with the accompanying privations, disease and famine) while the 1930s saw the peasantry assaulted by Stalin's collectivisation programme.
During the NEP period, particularly the mid-1920s, the peasantry would have been as comfortable, or more so, than the pre-war years. The Black Repartition of 1917 had strengthened the traditional commune structure: eliminating noble estates and Stolypin's private farms, and reducing class tensions within the village. According to Wheatcroft (see link above) the peasants were also eating as well as or better than they had in the pre-war period.
This came to an end with the collectivisation programme from 1928 onwards. Living standards crashed and the structure of the peasant world was fundamentally reorientated (ie the move to collective farming). By 1953 the Russian peasantry was eating worse than both 1913 and 1928. I speak a bit about this change here.
Sources are in the links above. If you have any specific questions based on these then I'll be happy to answer them.
Clearly worse in the first years of Soviet rule, as evidenced by all of the peasant rebellions against both Whites and Reds, culminating in the Tambov or "Green" Rebellion of 1920-1921. After Lenin's NEP, things got better, but then collectivization under Stalin took its toll. I know if I was a peasant both Reds and Whites would be anathema, but life was probably safer in the first period than the second.
EDIT: Added Sources -- Delano, Arthur. 1998. Grain and Revolution: Food Supply and Local Government in Tambov, Russia, 1917-1921. PhD Dissertation. Stanford University: Department of History.
Brovkin, Vladimir N. 1994. Behind the Front Lines of the Civil War: Political Parties and Social Movements in Russia, 1918-1922. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
And of course Conquest for the later period, even though it's a bit dated.