In what ways did those of the former US Confederacy try to continue their ideology after their defeat and reintegration?

by ademnus

I'll try and be more clear than my title. After the war ended, surely the north didn't run everything for the south. I guess the first question should be, did the south's political structure remain intact; did their politicians go back to their jobs? But either way, did the figures of the south continue to try and get the things they wanted after re-integration? Social, fiscal or government policy-wise?

jefficator

This might be closer to your search. The book Slavery By Another Name does a phenomenal job of describing the ways in which the status quo of Southern society and political life were restored closely following Reconstruction. The book places a lot of weight on Plessy v. Ferguson, arguing that Southern whites took the decision to mean that the North had gotten fed up with policing the South. To this day, most Southern states have Constitutions that were re-written in the years following Plessy. Legal codes were revised in a manner that created a practice the author considers to be debt slavery. http://www.amazon.com/Slavery-Another-Name-Re-Enslavement-Americans/dp/0385722702

African American men were required to keep papers on them at all times indicating they were employed. If a black man were caught without his papers, he was arrested for vagrancy and put in jail overnight. The next day, he would receive a guilty verdict and a small fine. The fine was augmented by charges for the sheriff's time, the night in jail, the defense attorney, the prosecuting attorney, and the general court costs. These fines and fees would total hundreds of dollars at a time when even a middle-class person could expect to earn very little.

The man was then informed that he must pay the fees and fines immediately or else be jailed for contempt of court...and have additional fines added on. At this time, a "benevolent" white land owner would always appear and "volunteer" to pay the fine in exchange for a legally-binding agreement to work the debt off on the man's farm.

Upon arriving at the farm, the man was placed in precisely the structures that previously housed slaves and given the same agricultural work, complete with overseers authorized to beat slaves into submission.

A final twist increased the amount of the man's obligation by the cost of his quarters, his meals, his work clothes, and the tools he used. The debt would grow at a rate that was impossible to ever repay, so most black men in the post-Reconstruction era found themselves back in debt slavery for the rest of their lives.

The author notes that this debt slavery was more pernicious than actual slavery because it employed credit. A slave owner prior to the war was required to front considerable capital to buy a slave. Slaves were capital goods, so discipline was restrained by the need to keep the slave able to work. Debt slaves after the war, however, were "purchased" for the amount of their fine (and records are unclear regarding whether the white landowners ever actually paid the fines they assumed on behalf of the black men). Because the upfront investment was much smaller, and because the man could easily be replaced by another small debt purchase, the landowners no longer had any financial motive to treat the debt slaves with even the slightest degree of care. This is illustrated in the book Lay This Body Down, the account of a debt slaver who tossed eleven black men chained to rocks into his mill pond (after church on Sunday) because he learned that Federal inspectors were coming by the next day to ensure debt slavery was not occurring. http://www.amazon.com/Lay-This-Body-Down-Plantation/dp/1556524471/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1427315802&sr=1-1&keywords=lay+this+body+down

The author notes the practice continued until WWII, when the manufacturing needs of the US grew so dramatically that black men were needed on assembly lines and the debt slavery practice couldn't profitably continue. The conclusion based on available records suggests that, practically speaking, slavery continued in the southern US until around 1942.