By the time electricity ( for example ) was " invented " most people, at least in English speaking countries already had surnames.

That does not mean nobody can be called that way, it is not impossible that a country and/or a state would allow you to change your name to Electrician but that is a matter of culture. There is little chance that someone would ask for his name to be changed to Electrician ( or Computer, Wi-Fi for example ) but we usually don't see these words as surnames.

All surnames are words in a language or another ( be it a dead language, a dialect,...Etc ) and today, these words are not used as surnames. Maybe one day they will become surnames who knows but that is a matter of culture. And as I said by the time of electricity most people had surnames. If we had been using electricity at the time when surnames were being taken and becoming common practice then maybe we would see as many Electrician as there are Butcher or Goldsmith.

During British rule in India, some Indians took the (English) name of modern professions as a surname. That's where Farokh Engineer's name ultimately comes from.

Slate has an interresting article called Jewish Surnames Explained that addresses this.

Ashkenazic Jews were among the last Europeans to take family names. Some German-speaking Jews took last names as early as the 17th century, but the overwhelming majority of Jews lived in Eastern Europe and did not take last names until compelled to do so. The process began in the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1787 and ended in Czarist Russia in 1844.

I didn't see any surnames in the article related to electricity. These Jews barely missed the electrical technology advances during the 19th century. By 1844 the generator, transformer, an d motor had been invented and the telegraph was invented in the same year, but the 1870s saw the inventions of the arc lamp, the telephone, the phonograph, and lighting. If they had waited just a few more decades maybe surnames involving electricity, or even aviation would be common.