That depends on who your reffering to as vikings. the people who lived in scandinavia called people who was out raiding and pirating for vikings or that they where out doing viking. Meaning that viking was more of a verb than something you would call others.

Yes they did. The word 'Víkingr'/raider (noun) was used for the men that went on a 'víking'/raid (verb). There are multible sources for it, f.ex. the Icelandic Sagas, but mostly it's just common knowledge, at least in Iceland. But if you are talking about the nordic communities as a whole than the answer is no. A blacksmith that never went on a raid/'víking' wouldn't have been called a Víkingur. The english term of Viking referring to whole populations came later. From wikipedia: "The term is also commonly extended in modern English and other vernaculars to the inhabitants of Viking home communities during what has become known as the Viking Age."

As i said before, this is mostly common knowledge but i can try to find some english sources, or if maby someone can help point out some.

Multiple mentions in Íslendingasögur [Icelandic Sagas] f.ex. 'Íslenzk fornrit II. Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar'

Short answer by professor Gunnar Karlsson where he talks about the definition of the profession 'Víkingr' and later uses of the word: http://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=6617