This is a better question for archaeologists and anthropologists than historians, truth be told. There are numerous depictions of things that might be the colony ships, most notably on the so-called Sagittarian Stellae. The academic community (if one can generalize so far) largely agrees that these are mythologized depictions, if they even refer to the colony ships.

Folklore and legend is no better, of course. Stories of the colonization from Caprica vary dramatically between traditions, and they are sometimes startlingly different from Sagittarian stories, for example. Every colony has numerous tales, all of dubious academic value. Some describe sleek, fast ships with FTL drives far in advance of pre-Cylon War technology. Others speak of slow generation ships. Some even talk about vast agridomes, the size of continents, with formidable drive systems. (Emmerson's work Migration of the Kobol Race, while horribly dated in most ways, remains the seminal collection of these stories.)

Whatever the truth, we know that virtually no modern spacefaring technology descends directly from the colony ships. (Keddelson, Harvich, and numerous others have proved--and re-proved--this ad nausium.) Perhaps the fabled 13th colony preserved their records, or has different evidence. But, since there's no agreement on its existence, let alone location, that potential academic goldmine remains as much folklore as the colony ships themselves.

Although I don't have the information you requested, as it may have been lost to history entirely, there were 13 tribes, and 13 colonies.

Typical propagandistic responses are what you're finding here. Who says there was any colonization by 12 (or 13) tribes? Who says the people actually came from Kobol? And do you really think, as apparently these other "scholars" here do, that there were, in actuality, "Lords of Kobol"?

I bet you'd like to hide the fact the Emmerson, author of Migration of the Kobol Race, was on the payroll of the Global Defense Department while serving as curator of the Museum of the Colonies in Delphi?

And of course, the use of the Sacred Scrolls, a nonsensical religious myth, as a historical source is truly insulting.

I'm disturbed by the religious fanaticism that the scholars in this thread seem to be exuding. I half expect them to announce that archaeologists believe they've found a "colony ship" atop a high mountain on Tauron. Or worse, that they actually believe there's a 13th colony. The 13th Colony is a fake, and any claim to its existence should merit no more regard than the conspiracy theories about Heracs atrocities against the Ha'la'tha during the Uprising...

What's real, and what's true, is that there is one true God, and that God loves us - each and every one of us. That one God didn't come from some mystical far-away world, but he is the one who sent his Children to sail to different planets. That God made us, and gave us the ability to colonize and explore, and yes - even conquer - on our own. To believe otherwise, including to fantasize about the Lords of Kobol sailing in their primitive, magic starships, is sin.

Source: Revelations of the One by Sister Clarice Willow

Archaeological investigations on the planet Gemenon in the Helios Alpha system established that that place was the first landfall after the Exodus from Kobol of the Twelve Colonies. Archaeological evidence indicates that landfall was made in the location of the second largest city, Illumini. The exact location of the landfall is preserved by the building of the Pantheon, which was erected to venerate all the deities and to thank them for the successful journey.

According to the Sacred Scrolls, the type of ship that was used was called a "Galleon". The one vessel was disassembled for construction materials, and some of its pieces can be seen in the construction of the oldest buildings. Some of the pieces were used to make smaller ships which continued to the other planets occupied by the Twelve Colonies.

A reconstruction of the ship based on the pieces reused in the Pantheon and other early shelters of the Gemenon settlement, as well as recovered pieces from the smaller ships in the other colonies can be seen here. Iconography of this ship has sadly not been preserved in the early art and sculpture of Gemenon, due to the need for survival rather than art.

The idea hasn't really gotten a lot of traction in the academic community, but here's a recreation of archaeological data that I personally find to be very credible:

http://img2.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20121127003802/pixar/images/8/88/Axiom_Orbit.jpg

Just hang around a while. It's happened before, it's bound to happen again.

This would have been early on in the tech tree, so they would have used basic 1.25m rocketry parts like the LV-T30 first stage and LV-909 second stage engines, TR-18A basic stack decouplers and the small and large 1.25m fuel tanks. With these starting parts you can create rockets with up to ~6 km/s delta-v, easily enough to get to the Mun and Minmus and start your first two colonies.