I'm assuming you mean the "Golden Age of Piracy" in the Caribbean. Since Pirates used the bow and arrow for centuries around the world. Piracy started well over two thousand years ago, with the advent of trade by sea.

As for the particular era in question (early 1600 to mid 1700 in the New World Colonies), I've never come across references on pirates extensively using bow and arrow. It's an era I'm fascinated with, but I'm far from a Historian. I don't think it would be as accurate as you imagine, at distance it wouldn't do any significant damage to a ship unless you are using fire arrows. And that risks sinking the prize you're attempting to take. Pirates did their best to take ship as in tact as possible.

See http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/info_sheets_piracy.htm