Of course the most obvious example of this is business attire, with the "uniform" of dark suit, solid collared shirt, and tie. But men's casual clothing is also plainer, and with fewer options, than women's clothing. There are issues of gender and sexuality at play here, obviously, and it seems to me that there are also social/cultural forces as well.
The decline of aristocratic conventions for showy male costume (and makeup) occurred over the course of the 18th century in Europe and particularly France. Rousseau-inspired ideals of 'natural' dress, and the French Revolution, as well as the gendering of fashion as female in the 2nd half of the 18th century, set the stage for the development of bourgeois conventions (the sober dark suit), solidified by the role of powerful bourgeois in governance in the 19th c, that prevail today. An important account is Jennifer M. Jones, Sexing La Mode: Gender, Fashion and Commercial Culture in Old Regime France (2004).
As far as men's clothing goes, you'll find a few posts in the FAQ