Do you have anywhere a bit more geographically precise in mind? Depending on the region, it's quite possible that local attitudes towards such non-physical 'medical conditions' differed. As an aside, I use scare quotes not to demean their existence, but to throw into relief their discursive changes; that is, to remind that we're dealing with concepts that were epistemically different at the time than they are today, as of course pointed out by Foucault's Madness and Civilization, which will no doubt influence the majority of the answers to this question.

I'm sure others can provide more detailed responses relevant to the period, but for what concerns Foucault, I'll presage potential discussion on him by saying that while historians working on psychiatry and other medical outliers have dealt a few blows to the particularities of his narrative (e.g. his opening regarding the similarities in treatment of lepers and the mad in the Middle Ages), his overarching thesis of mental illness as a social construct 'invented' by the medical reformers of the 19th-century -- introduced by increasing exclusion, confinement, and then institutionalisation after the 'integration' of the medieval and Renaissance era -- has survived as well-respected, if not always embraced. (There are some who have been more forceful in their criticism, of coures, such as Midelfort.)