There are a few relevant things to note in reference to the Dutch colonies. For one, the Dutch were extremely focused on mercantile posts and trading rather than the [cultural change of the French model of imperialism.](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilation_(French_colonialism)

Secondly, some of the Dutch colonies were taken over by the British, who then instituted their own language. Look to New Amsterdam in modern day New York as an example.

Also, many former colonies continue to speak Dutch or a form of it. The [ABC Islands](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_islands_(Lesser_Antilles) remain actual parts of the Netherlands and speak Dutch, as well as other Lesser Antilles islands. The country of Suriname, a former colony, speaks Dutch as well. As /u/GuyofMshire noted, 13.5% of South Africans speak Afrikaans, a language descended from Dutch.

That mainly leaves Indonesia, which /u/GothicEmperor talked about in his post.

The most recent issue of the Onze Taal magazine had an article about it.

It's important to consider why colonies actually took over the languages of their colonial oppressors. Usually, by the time the colonial state became independent, only the upper class spoke the former overlord's language. The rest of the country however spoke a wide variety of languages; picking one of them as the official languages could lead to ethnic tensions. In such a scenario, the former colonial language would be a politically neutral choice, and one that's already 'at hand'.

Now compare this to Indonesia. It had a Dutch-educated elite, and a varied population speaking many different languages, but in the centuries before a variety of Malay had already established itself as the main trade language of the region. Since it was already spoken far and wide and wasn't in any way associated with one of the main ethnic groups (like the Javanese), this trade language was quickly adapted into a national language.